어떤 결과에 도달하기 위해 필요한 행동을 제대로 해낼 수 있다고 생각하는 자기 확신(確信).
자기효력감이 높으면 동기부여(動機附輿)가 올라가고, 다소 곤란(困難)한 일이라 하더라도 꾸준한 노력으로 결과를 낼 수 있다.

자기효력감을 높이는 3가지 방법
1. 성공한 사람의 케이스를 알아본다.(대리적정보代理的情報)
2. 격려(언어적설득言語的說得)
3. 일단 시도해 본다(행위적정보行爲的情報)

출처 : 심리학의즐거움.김문성.휘닉스.2009.12.10.

어떤 한 가지 일에 계속(繼續) 실패(失敗)함으로써 다른 일에서도 무기력(無氣力)해지는 경우(境遇).

Oh, Mary was a maiden
When the birds began to sing
She was sweeter than the
blooming rose
So early in the spring
Her thoughts were gay and happy
And the morning gay and fine
For her lover was a river boy
From the river in the pines

Now Charlie, he got married
To his Mary in the spring
When the trees were budding early
And the birds began to sing
But early in the autumn
When the fruit is in the wine
I’ll return to you, my darling
From the river in the pines

It was early in the morning
in Wisconsin dreary clime
Whin he ruled the fatal rocket
For that last and feudal time
They found his body lying
On the Rocky shore below
Where the silent water ripples
And the whispering cedars blow

Now every raft or lumber
That’s come , the chip away
There’s a lonely grave that’s
visited by drivers on their way
They plant the wild flowers upon
It in the morning fair and fine
It’s the grave of two young lovers
From the river in the pines

1. 모래가 굳어서 된 바위.

사암은 모래 입자(粒子)들이 쌓여서 만들어진 퇴적암(堆積巖)이다.

1. 진흙이 굳어서 된 바위.

이암은 벽돌이나 도자기(陶瓷器)를 만드는 데 사용(使用)된다.

1. 흙더미가 쌓임.

퇴적물(堆積物)은 오랜 시간(時間)이 지나면 암석(巖石)으로 변한다.